Metabolism & Aging

The more the fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and HbA1c criteria overlapped, the higher the risk of type 2 diabetes, and indicators of insulin secretion and sensitivity added predictive power.

In mice, Serpina3n from fat tissue prevented muscle loss in models of aging, limb immobilization and cancer cachexia.

Increasing fatty acid chain length is an aging feature conserved across species, and reversing it extended lifespan in worms.

Even meals matched for calories and nutrients produced different post-meal metabolic and brain responses depending on how processed they were.

In a mouse study, when chaperone-mediated autophagy declined, immune cells could not engulf senescent cells.

The senescent cell-clearing drugs dasatinib plus quercetin showed a higher fibrosis improvement rate than placebo in MASH patients with fibrosis.

Among 2,749 patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, major cardiovascular events occurred at a rate similar to that with insulin glargine.

Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, found with a gut microbiome aging clock, and its metabolite extended healthspan in mice.

In a follow-up of 1,108 middle-aged Finns for 7 to 9 years, a basic risk factor model predicted disease onset better than any aging clock model.

After adjusting for deaths from external causes, the heritability of human lifespan came out more than double earlier twin-study estimates (20 to 25%).

Mice in which NAD+ synthesis in skeletal muscle was blocked, cutting it by 85%, kept normal muscle function and whole-body metabolism throughout life.

In tissues with frequent cell turnover, random mutations built up with age, while in the heart and brain, mutations at specific positions did.

In an interim analysis of 800 patients with stage 2 to 3 fibrosis steatohepatitis, liver tissue measures improved more than with placebo.

The blood glucose benefit of bariatric surgery differed by Tübingen cluster, which groups people by metabolic characteristics.

In a veterans' diabetes cohort, the benefits and harms for more than 210,000 GLP-1 users were compared across 175 outcomes.

A commission of 58 experts proposed dividing obesity into a 'disease' and a 'risk state' based on whether organ function is impaired.

4-Hydroxybenzoic acid was found to convert white fat cells into beige fat cells through AMPK and DRP1.

Analyzing 114 muscle biopsies from 19 men pointed to MINDY1, a new protein that regulates insulin action.

In human and mouse adipose tissue, gene expression changes that arose during obesity remained after weight loss.

An analysis pooling measured data on 141 million people found the burden of diabetes concentrated in low- and middle-income countries.

In a 3-year analysis of a phase 3 trial, weight fell by up to 19.7% and progression to type 2 diabetes was much lower than with placebo.

A 40% calorie restriction extended lifespan the most, but genetic background divided individual lifespans more than diet did.

When male cynomolgus monkeys were given metformin for 40 months, brain aging was set back by about 6 years on a multi-omics aging clock.

An aging clock built from the plasma proteins of about 45,000 UK Biobank participants predicted the onset of chronic disease and the risk of death.

Giving an IL-11 antibody to 75-week-old mice improved metabolic and muscle function and extended median lifespan by 22.5% in males and 25% in females.

In a randomized trial applying 25% calorie restriction to healthy adults, there was no significant difference in telomere change over 2 years.

In long-term follow-up of 262 participants from randomized trials, blood glucose control and remission rates stayed ahead in the surgery group.

A single infusion of CAR-T cells targeting uPAR, a marker of senescent cells, durably improved glucose tolerance and exercise capacity in aged mice.

When male mice on a high-fat diet were fed the complex extract for 12 weeks, weight gain, fatty liver and fat cell enlargement were reduced.