Explainers

Metabolism & Aging

Natural Products | Bioactivity | Metabolism & Aging | Safety & Standards

Metabolism & Aging

Metabolism comprises the chemical reactions by which organisms obtain, store and use energy; aging is the progressive decline of physiological function over time. The ‘hallmarks of aging’ framework — nine hallmarks proposed in 2013 and expanded to twelve in 2023 — links aging biology closely to nutrient sensing, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence and chronic inflammation.

Key topics

01
Nutrient-sensing pathways
Insulin/IGF-1, mTOR, AMPK and sirtuins
02
Mitochondria
Energy metabolism and quality control
03
Cellular senescence
Senescent cells and senolytic strategies
04
Autophagy & proteostasis
Cellular recycling mechanisms
05
Inflammaging
Chronic low-grade inflammation
06
Muscle & adipose tissue
Tissue metabolism and whole-body health

This page describes the field in general terms and makes no claims about specific ingredients or products.

References

López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013;153(6):1194–1217.
López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell 2023;186(2):243–278.